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Can You Still Pass Middle School History Class?

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Question 1

Which Ancient River Valley Civilization Grew Along the Nile?

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Who Is Known as the “Father of History”?

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Which Writing System Used Wedge-Shaped Marks Pressed Into Clay Tablets?

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Which Chinese Dynasty First United Much of China Under a Central Emperor?

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What Was the Primary Purpose of Hammurabi’s Code?

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Which City-State Was Famous for Its Military Training in Ancient Greece?

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Which War Featured the Battle of Marathon?

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Who Taught Alexander the Great During His Youth?

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Which City Became the Center of Learning in Hellenistic Egypt?

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What Event Marks the Traditional End of the Roman Republic?

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Which Religion Did Emperor Constantine Legalize With the Edict of Milan?

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Which Empire Is Known for Its Roads Like the Appian Way?

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Which Religion’s Four Noble Truths Address the Nature and End of Suffering?

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Which African Kingdom Grew Wealthy From Trans-Saharan Gold-Salt Trade?

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Which Document Limited the English King’s Power in 1215?

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Who Led the Mongols to Create the Largest Contiguous Empire?

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Which Medieval Plague Devastated Europe in the 14th Century?

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Which Civilization Built Machu Picchu?

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Which Mesoamerican Civilization Developed a Complex Calendar and Glyphic Writing?

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Which Empire Fought Rome in the Punic Wars?

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Which Japanese Period Saw Shoguns Rule and Samurai Dominate?

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Which Religion Was Founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th Century?

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Which Medieval Institution Held Power Over European Spiritual Life?

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The Renaissance First Flourished in Which Italian City?

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Who Painted the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

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Which Invention by Gutenberg Revolutionized the Spread of Information?

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Which Explorer Reached the Americas in 1492 Under the Spanish Flag?

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Which Civilization Built Large Stone Heads at La Venta?

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Which Empire Conquered Constantinople in 1453?

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Who Circumnavigated the Globe First, Completing the Voyage After Magellan’s Death?

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What Economic System Dominated Medieval Rural Europe?

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Which English King’s Break With Rome Created the Church of England?

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Who Formulated the Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation?

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Which Philosophical Movement Emphasized Reason and Natural Rights in the 1700s?

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What Event Began on July 14, 1789, Symbolizing a People’s Revolt in France?

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Which Former Colony Declared Independence on July 4, 1776?

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Which Haitian Leader Helped Defeat Napoleon’s Forces and End Slavery?

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Which Industry First Mechanized During the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

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Who Perfected the Steam Engine That Powered Industrial Growth?

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Which Movement Sought to End the Slave Trade and Slavery in the Atlantic World?

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Which Year Did the American Civil War Begin?

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Which Russian Czar Freed the Serfs in 1861?

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Who Led the Long March and Later Founded the People’s Republic of China?

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Which Empire Ruled India Through the East India Company Before Direct British Raj?

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Which Movement in India Promoted Nonviolent Resistance Against British Rule?

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Which War Began With the 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

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Which Treaty Officially Ended World War I?

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Which Global Pandemic Coincided With the End of World War I?

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Which Economic Crisis Began With the 1929 Stock Market Crash?

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Which Leader Established Totalitarian Rule in Nazi Germany?

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Which Event Brought the United States Directly Into World War II?

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What Was the Allied Invasion of Normandy in June 1944 Called?

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Which Two Cities Were Struck by Atomic Bombs in 1945?

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What Term Describes the Post–World War II Tension Between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.?

Question 1

Which European Aid Program Helped Rebuild Western Economies After World War II?

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Which Conflict Divided the Peninsula at the 38th Parallel?

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Which African Nation Gained Independence Under Kwame Nkrumah in 1957?

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Which Event Brought the World Closest to Nuclear War in 1962?

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Who Delivered the “I Have a Dream” Speech in 1963?

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Which War Saw the Tet Offensive in 1968?

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Which Space Mission First Landed Humans on the Moon?

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Which 1979 Revolution Overthrew the Shah and Established an Islamic Republic?

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Which Poland-Based Movement Challenged Communist Rule in the 1980s?

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Which Event Symbolized the End of the Cold War in 1989?

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Which Genocide Occurred in 1994 in Central Africa?

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Which Agreement Sought Peace in Northern Ireland in 1998?

Question 1

Which Empire Built the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace in Istanbul?

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Which Sailor Proved the Pacific Was Vast by Reaching Polynesia in the 18th Century?

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Which South American Liberator Helped Free Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia?

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Which Document Guaranteed Freedoms for English Subjects After the Glorious Revolution?

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Which City Was the Capital of the Byzantine Empire?

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Which African City Grew Famous for Scholarship and Manuscripts During Mali’s Golden Age?

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Which Structure Was Built to Protect China’s Northern Frontiers?

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Which Decree Granted Limited Rights to French Protestants in 1598?

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Which Italian Explorer’s Book Inspired European Interest in Asia?

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Which Mesopotamian Region Lies Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?

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Which Aztec Capital Stood Where Mexico City Is Today?

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Which Empire’s Capital Was Cuzco Before Spanish Conquest?

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Which European Power First Rounded the Cape of Good Hope to Reach India by Sea?

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Which Philosopher Wrote “The Social Contract,” Influencing Democratic Ideas?

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What Was the Main Goal of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885?

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Which Movement in South Africa Sought to End Institutionalized Racial Segregation?

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Which Global Organization Was Founded in 1945 to Promote Peace?

Question 1

Which European Explorer Claimed Large Areas of Canada for France?

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Which Period Followed the Fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Question 1

Which English Document in 1679 Protected Individuals Against Unlawful Detention?

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Which Conqueror From Normandy Invaded England in 1066?

Question 1

Which Scientist Proposed Heliocentrism, Placing the Sun at the Center?

Question 1

Which Agreement Ended World War II in Europe With Germany’s Surrender?

Question 1

Which European Conflict Pitted Napoleon Against a Coalition of Powers?

1
Shang China
2
Indus Valley
3
Mesopotamia
4
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt depended on the Nile’s floods for fertile soil, sustaining agriculture, population growth, and centralized kingdoms.
1
Homer
2
Socrates
3
Herodotus
4
Thucydides

Herodotus wrote The Histories, blending inquiry and narrative to document Greco-Persian wars and diverse cultural practices.
1
Hieroglyphics
2
Linear B
3
Cuneiform
4
Phoenician Alphabet

Cuneiform in Mesopotamia used stylus-impressed wedges on clay to record accounting, literature, and early legal codes.
1
Zhou Dynasty
2
Han Dynasty
3
Qin Dynasty
4
Tang Dynasty

The Qin unified warring states, standardized weights, measures, and script, and initiated early fortifications of the Great Wall.
1
To establish written laws and standardized justice
2
To record agricultural yields
3
To praise the gods through hymns
4
To teach writing to children

Hammurabi’s Code publicly displayed laws and penalties, clarifying expectations and consequences throughout Babylonian society.
1
Athens
2
Sparta
3
Corinth
4
Thebes

Sparta emphasized lifelong military discipline and communal upbringing, producing elite hoplite soldiers and a militarized culture.
1
Greco-Persian Wars
2
Punic Wars
3
Trojan War
4
Peloponnesian War

The Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE saw Athenians repel Persian forces, boosting Greek confidence against Persia.
1
Plato
2
Pythagoras
3
Aristotle
4
Socrates

Aristotle tutored Alexander, shaping his appreciation for science, philosophy, and Hellenic culture during formative years.
1
Pergamon
2
Carthage
3
Alexandria
4
Memphis

Alexandria hosted the famed Library and Museum, attracting scholars who advanced mathematics, astronomy, and literature significantly.
1
Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon
2
The sack of Rome by Gauls
3
Spartacus’s revolt
4
Augustus becoming first emperor

When Octavian became Augustus in 27 BCE, power centralized under the principate, transforming the Republic into an empire.
1
Zoroastrianism
2
Mithraism
3
Judaism
4
Christianity

The Edict of Milan in 313 legalized Christianity, ending persecutions and enabling church growth and organization across the empire.
1
Byzantine Empire
2
Gupta Empire
3
Roman Empire
4
Persian Achaemenid Empire

Romans engineered extensive roads to move armies, trade goods, and administer provinces efficiently across vast territories.
1
Buddhism
2
Hinduism
3
Jainism
4
Shinto

Buddhism teaches suffering arises from craving; the Eightfold Path leads to liberation and enlightenment, called nirvana.
1
Axum
2
Mali
3
Great Zimbabwe
4
Kush

Mali’s rulers, including Mansa Musa, controlled trade routes, amassing wealth and fostering Islamic scholarship at Timbuktu.
1
Magna Carta
2
English Bill of Rights
3
Habeas Corpus Act
4
Petition of Right

Magna Carta forced King John to recognize baronial rights and due process, planting seeds for constitutional governance.
1
Genghis Khan
2
Batu Khan
3
Kublai Khan
4
Tamerlane

Genghis Khan unified Mongol tribes, using disciplined cavalry and intelligence networks to conquer vast territories rapidly.
1
Cholera Pandemic
2
Spanish Flu
3
Justinianic Plague
4
Black Death

The Black Death, caused by Yersinia pestis, killed millions, disrupting economies, social structures, and medieval labor systems.
1
Inca
2
Olmec
3
Aztec
4
Maya

The Inca constructed Machu Picchu in the Andes, showcasing stone engineering, terraces, and religious significance above Urubamba Valley.
1
Toltec
2
Aztec
3
Maya
4
Zapotec

The Maya tracked celestial cycles precisely, recorded history in glyphs, and built thriving city-states like Tikal and Palenque.
1
Macedon
2
Parthia
3
Seleucid Empire
4
Carthage

Carthage, a North African maritime power, clashed with Rome; Hannibal famously crossed the Alps during the Second Punic War.
1
Kamakura Period
2
Heian Period
3
Tokugawa (Edo) Period
4
Meiji Era

The Tokugawa shogunate enforced isolationist policies, maintained rigid social order, and fostered urban culture in Edo, now Tokyo.
1
Sikhism
2
Zoroastrianism
3
Bahá'í Faith
4
Islam

Islam began in Mecca with Muhammad’s revelations, spreading through preaching, trade networks, and early caliphates’ conquests.
1
Universities
2
Feudal Guilds
3
The Roman Catholic Church
4
The Eastern Orthodox Church

The Roman Catholic Church influenced governance, education, and daily life through sacraments, canon law, and monastic communities.
1
Venice
2
Rome
3
Florence
4
Milan

Florence’s merchant wealth and Medici patronage nurtured artists and thinkers like Leonardo, Michelangelo, and humanist scholars.
1
Botticelli
2
Michelangelo
3
Leonardo da Vinci
4
Raphael

Michelangelo’s frescoes depict biblical scenes, showcasing unmatched anatomical mastery and dramatic composition on the chapel’s ceiling.
1
Steam engine
2
Telescope
3
Movable-type printing press
4
Magnetic compass

Gutenberg’s press enabled inexpensive book production, accelerating literacy, Reformation ideas, and scientific knowledge across Europe.
1
Vasco da Gama
2
John Cabot
3
Christopher Columbus
4
Ferdinand Magellan

Columbus sailed west seeking Asia, instead encountering Caribbean islands, initiating sustained contact between Europe and the Americas.
1
Nazca
2
Moche
3
Olmec
4
Teotihuacan

The Olmec, considered a Mesoamerican “mother culture,” carved colossal heads representing rulers, demonstrating sophisticated artistry and organization.
1
Byzantine Empire
2
Mamluk Sultanate
3
Ottoman Empire
4
Safavid Empire

Mehmed II’s Ottomans used cannons and siege tactics to capture Constantinople, renaming it Istanbul and reshaping regional trade.
1
Sir Francis Drake
2
Amerigo Vespucci
3
Juan Sebastián Elcano
4
James Cook

Elcano led the surviving crew to complete Magellan’s expedition, proving global seas interconnected and Earth’s true scale.
1
Socialism
2
Mercantilism
3
Capitalism
4
Feudalism and manorialism

Feudal obligations tied peasants to lords’ lands, while manorial estates organized agriculture, rents, and local justice systems.
1
Edward VI
2
Charles I
3
James I
4
Henry VIII

Henry VIII separated from papal authority to secure an annulment, establishing royal supremacy over England’s church.
1
Galileo Galilei
2
Johannes Kepler
3
Isaac Newton
4
René Descartes

Newton synthesized earlier findings, providing mathematical principles explaining planetary motion and earthly mechanics comprehensively.
1
Scholasticism
2
Enlightenment
3
Existentialism
4
Romanticism

The Enlightenment promoted rational inquiry, liberty, and social contracts, inspiring revolutions and reforms across the Atlantic world.
1
Execution of Louis XVI
2
Tennis Court Oath
3
Storming of the Bastille
4
Reign of Terror

Parisians seized the Bastille fortress, challenging royal authority and energizing broader revolutionary transformations throughout France.
1
Mexico
2
Brazil
3
Canada
4
United States of America

The Declaration of Independence announced American colonies’ separation from Britain, citing natural rights and grievances against George III.
1
José de San Martín
2
Simón Bolívar
3
Miguel Hidalgo
4
Toussaint Louverture

Toussaint Louverture organized enslaved people and allies, leading a successful revolution that created the first Black republic.
1
Agriculture
2
Textiles
3
Shipbuilding
4
Steel

Textile mills using water and steam power boosted cloth production, sparking urbanization and technological innovation across Britain.
1
George Stephenson
2
Thomas Newcomen
3
James Watt
4
Robert Fulton

James Watt improved efficiency and rotary motion, enabling factories, locomotives, and steamships to flourish during industrialization.
1
Abolitionism
2
Temperance
3
Chartism
4
Luddism

Abolitionists campaigned through petitions, literature, and politics, culminating in emancipation across various nations during the nineteenth century.
1
1861
2
1877
3
1850
4
1865

Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in 1861, prompting a four-year conflict over union, slavery, and states’ rights.
1
Alexander II
2
Peter the Great
3
Nicholas I
4
Catherine the Great

Alexander II’s Emancipation reform aimed to modernize Russia’s economy and reduce social tensions by ending serfdom.
1
Deng Xiaoping
2
Mao Zedong
3
Sun Yat-sen
4
Chiang Kai-shek

Mao’s leadership during the Long March consolidated Communist control, culminating in victory and the 1949 founding.
1
Maratha Empire
2
British Empire
3
Maurya Empire
4
Mughal Empire

The East India Company governed under British authority; after 1858, Crown rule formalized as the British Raj.
1
Satyagraha led by Gandhi
2
Bolshevism
3
Pan-Africanism
4
Maoism

Gandhi’s satyagraha used civil disobedience and peaceful protest, mobilizing masses toward independence achieved in 1947.
1
Franco-Prussian War
2
World War I
3
Russo-Japanese War
4
Crimean War

The assassination triggered alliances and mobilizations, escalating into a global conflict with trenches and unprecedented casualties.
1
Treaty of Tordesillas
2
Treaty of Versailles
3
Treaty of Utrecht
4
Treaty of Ghent

The Treaty of Versailles imposed reparations and territorial losses on Germany, redrawing borders and fostering future tensions.
1
Black Death
2
SARS Outbreak
3
Cholera Pandemic of 1832
4
1918 Influenza Pandemic

The 1918 influenza killed millions worldwide, spreading rapidly among troops and civilians during demobilization and crowded conditions.
1
The Panic of 1907
2
The Great Depression
3
The Dot-com Bust
4
The Long Depression

The Great Depression saw widespread bank failures, unemployment, and deflation, prompting major government interventions and safety nets.
1
Adolf Hitler
2
Benito Mussolini
3
Joseph Stalin
4
Francisco Franco

Hitler’s regime used propaganda, secret police, and aggressive expansionism, leading to World War II and the Holocaust.
1
Battle of Britain
2
Attack on Pearl Harbor
3
D-Day Landings
4
Invasion of Poland

Japan’s surprise assault on Pearl Harbor in 1941 prompted U.S. declarations of war and full mobilization.
1
Operation Barbarossa
2
Operation Market Garden
3
Operation Torch
4
D-Day (Operation Overlord)

D-Day opened a Western front against Germany, enabling liberation of France and hastening the war’s end in Europe.
1
Kyoto and Hiroshima
2
Sapporo and Nagoya
3
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4
Tokyo and Osaka

The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan’s surrender, ending World War II in the Pacific theater.
1
Hot War
2
Thirty Years’ War
3
Korean War
4
Cold War

The Cold War featured ideological rivalry, proxy conflicts, nuclear arms races, and competing alliances like NATO and Warsaw Pact.
1
Truman Doctrine
2
Dawes Plan
3
Lend-Lease
4
Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan provided financial assistance and resources, stabilizing governments and encouraging economic recovery and integration.
1
Korean War
2
Sino-Japanese War
3
Russo-Japanese War
4
Vietnam War

The Korean War ended with an armistice, establishing a demilitarized zone and leaving North and South Korea separated.
1
Kenya
2
Nigeria
3
Ghana
4
Tanzania

Ghana became a symbol of anti-colonial success, inspiring other independence movements across Africa during decolonization.
1
Prague Spring
2
Berlin Blockade
3
Suez Crisis
4
Cuban Missile Crisis

The U.S. and Soviet standoff over missiles in Cuba ended through negotiation, averting nuclear confrontation and establishing hotline communications.
1
Rosa Parks
2
Thurgood Marshall
3
Malcolm X
4
Martin Luther King Jr.

King spoke at the March on Washington, envisioning racial equality and catalyzing major civil rights legislation in America.
1
Afghan-Soviet War
2
Vietnam War
3
Gulf War
4
Korean War

The Tet Offensive shocked observers with widespread attacks, undermining public confidence despite tactical setbacks for North Vietnam.
1
Apollo 8
2
Apollo 13
3
Apollo 12
4
Apollo 11

Apollo 11’s 1969 landing achieved Kennedy’s goal; Armstrong and Aldrin walked while Collins orbited above.
1
Carnation Revolution
2
Nicaraguan Revolution
3
Iranian Revolution
4
Afghan Saur Revolution

Popular protests and clerical leadership toppled the monarchy, creating a theocratic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini.
1
Solidarity
2
Velvet Revolution
3
Red Guards
4
Khmer Rouge

Solidarity, an independent trade union, pressured the government through strikes and negotiations, aiding Eastern Europe’s democratization.
1
Fall of the Berlin Wall
2
Reykjavik Summit
3
Chernobyl Disaster
4
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

The Berlin Wall’s opening allowed East and West Germans to reunite, foreshadowing Germany’s unification and Soviet collapse.
1
Rwandan Genocide
2
Cambodian Genocide
3
Bosnian Genocide
4
Darfur Genocide

Extremist leaders orchestrated mass killings primarily against Tutsi, devastating Rwanda and prompting reflection on international intervention.
1
Good Friday Agreement
2
Oslo Accords
3
Camp David Accords
4
Dayton Agreement

The Good Friday Agreement established power-sharing, addressing decades of sectarian conflict known as the Troubles.
1
Byzantine Empire
2
Abbasid Caliphate
3
Ottoman Empire
4
Safavid Empire

Ottoman sultans patronized monumental architecture, blending Islamic aesthetics and imperial grandeur in Istanbul’s iconic landmarks.
1
Abel Tasman
2
Bartolomeu Dias
3
Zheng He
4
James Cook

Cook’s voyages mapped Pacific islands, observed the transit of Venus, and advanced European geographic knowledge significantly.
1
Antonio José de Sucre
2
Bernardo O’Higgins
3
Simón Bolívar
4
José de San Martín

Bolívar led campaigns across northern South America, envisioning a united region called Gran Colombia under republican principles.
1
Pragmatic Sanction
2
English Bill of Rights
3
Edict of Nantes
4
Act of Supremacy

The English Bill of Rights limited monarchs, affirmed parliamentary authority, and protected rights like petitioning and fair trials.
1
Antioch
2
Alexandria
3
Athens
4
Constantinople

Constantinople, strategically located between Europe and Asia, prospered as a trade hub and preserved classical knowledge.
1
Marrakech
2
Lagos
3
Timbuktu
4
Cairo

Timbuktu’s madrasas and libraries attracted scholars, making it a renowned center of learning in West Africa.
1
Grand Canal
2
The Great Wall
3
Forbidden City
4
Terracotta Army

The Great Wall’s connected fortifications deterred nomadic incursions, symbolizing imperial power and engineering achievement across centuries.
1
Edict of Nantes
2
Peace of Augsburg
3
Pragmatic Sanction
4
Concordat of Worms

Henry IV’s Edict of Nantes granted Huguenots worship and civil rights, easing France’s bitter religious conflicts.
1
Vasco Núñez de Balboa
2
Zheng He
3
Ibn Battuta
4
Marco Polo

Marco Polo’s accounts of Yuan China sparked curiosity and later expeditions, though some contemporaries doubted their accuracy.
1
Fertile Crescent
2
Anatolia
3
Levant
4
Arabian Desert

The Fertile Crescent’s rich soils supported early agriculture, urbanization, and the birth of complex societies and writing systems.
1
Chichen Itza
2
Cuzco
3
Tenochtitlan
4
Teotihuacan

Tenochtitlan featured canals, causeways, and vast temples; Spaniards later built Mexico City upon its ruins after conquest.
1
Toltec Empire
2
Inca Empire
3
Aztec Empire
4
Maya Kingdoms

Cuzco served as the Inca political and religious heart, linked by extensive roads through rugged Andean terrain.
1
Netherlands
2
Spain
3
Portugal
4
England

Portuguese explorers like Dias and da Gama pioneered sea routes, enabling direct spice trade and colonial footholds.
1
Thomas Hobbes
2
Montesquieu
3
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4
John Locke

Rousseau argued legitimate government rests on the general will, shaping revolutionary and republican political thought significantly.
1
To create a unified African parliament
2
To end the transatlantic slave trade immediately
3
To establish global rules for submarine warfare
4
To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa

European powers formalized rules for claiming African territories, accelerating partition while ignoring indigenous boundaries and sovereignty.
1
Zionism
2
Anti-apartheid movement
3
Mau Mau Uprising
4
Pan-Arabism

The anti-apartheid struggle, led by figures like Mandela, used activism and sanctions to dismantle segregationist policies.
1
United Nations
2
NATO
3
League of Nations
4
European Union

The United Nations facilitates diplomacy, peacekeeping, and international cooperation to prevent conflict and address global challenges.
1
Jacques Cartier
2
Samuel de Champlain
3
Hernán Cortés
4
Francisco Pizarro

Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River, paving the way for later French settlements and trade networks in Canada.
1
Enlightenment
2
Bronze Age
3
Middle Ages
4
Renaissance

The Middle Ages saw feudalism, monastic learning, and gradual urban revival leading toward Renaissance transformations.
1
Act of Union
2
Navigation Acts
3
Habeas Corpus Act
4
Test Act

Habeas corpus requires authorities to justify imprisonment before a judge, safeguarding liberty against arbitrary arrest.
1
Henry II
2
Harold Godwinson
3
Edward the Confessor
4
William the Conqueror

William defeated Harold at Hastings, establishing Norman rule and reshaping England’s language, law, and aristocracy.
1
Tycho Brahe
2
Nicolaus Copernicus
3
Hipparchus
4
Ptolemy

Copernicus argued planets orbit the sun, challenging geocentric models and inspiring subsequent astronomical revolutions.
1
Treaty of Portsmouth
2
German Instrument of Surrender
3
Armistice of Compiègne
4
Treaty of Paris 1763

Germany signed unconditional surrender documents in May 1945, leading to Victory in Europe Day celebrations.
1
Thirty Years’ War
2
Hundred Years’ War
3
War of the Roses
4
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars reshaped Europe through reforms and battles, culminating in his defeat at Waterloo in 1815.
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History class may feel like ages ago, but how much do you actually remember? From ancient empires to major world events, this quiz will test your middle school history knowledge. Let’s see if you can still pass!

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